Having received the head/neck joint as a precedent for my 171 model I researched into the way the spine is constructed and its connection to the skull.
The first image shows the top of the spine and the distinction between bone and cartilage (the cartilage being red). The second shows the alignment of the vertebrae that make up the spine and the connection it makes with the skull. The third shows the individual parts to the vertebrae. The type of motion created by the neck is very diverse but it is the result of the collaborating minimal movements of the vertebrae. The small changes in orientation have a larger overall effect the more pieces come into play.
Linkage, in the mechanical sense, is the connection between two points. The link provides a guide for optimum movement as it has a constant length. This stops whatever it is linked to from straying from a set path of motion.
Juxtaposition is the comparison of two things, abstract or literal, by placing them next to one another visually. Often the two aspects will be highly contrasting, the juxtaposition emphasising this contrast to make it easier to notice.
Rotation is movement about a central point or axis. With this illusion the polygons appear to rotate around the black dot when it is focussed on and the image is moved in and out. Rotation is a key movement of the neck and head. Although no bones are directly pivoting upon each other the overall effect is the the head can rotate atop the neck to look around.
Force, in a non-scientific design sense, is how much weight or pressure something is experiencing. The tension of a taut wire shows force in the object. A solid mass or counterweight shows force. Luke Skywalker shows force.
Time is an element that goes hand-in-hand with movement. Time shows movement. Movement shows time. It adds an extra dimension to any object that can hold it as it allows people involved with it to see its progression and, in a sense, brings it to life.
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